Senese, F. (2000, September 9). Who Discovered Carbon? General Chemistry Online!,

Carbon was discovered first as charcoal. It wasn't recognized as an element until the 17th century, when Robert Boyle found that carbon couldn't be broken down into simpler substances. Carbon is naturally found in things like diamond and graphite. Diamonds were discovered to have carbon when scientist Antoine Lavoisier weighed, and burned both diamond and carbon and discovered they both gave off no water vapor. Carbon was discovered so long ago that we don’t have a record of who actually found it. Article written as an informational reference.

Porter, E. (2013, December 24). Rethinking How to Split The Cost of Carbon. The New York Times,

Many companies think they may be emitting less carbon into the atmosphere, but they aren't taking into account of the imports and exports of their materials, and what it takes to make those materialize. They asked companies to inventory all the carbon emissions that they produce and then add on all the emissions of imports, exports, and what used for the materials made. Most companies were shocked at how much they emitted, and now many companies are creating more earth friendly ways to keep business. This was written as an informational article.

Volkov , D. S. (2014, August).Elemental analysis of nano-diamonds by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Elsevier, 74, 1-13.

Article states a study on nano-diamonds from 20 different international manufacturers. The measurements were made using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy with limits for most elements below 1 ppm. Different methods of sample preparation were compared: direct introduction of suspensions, ashing with microwave-assisted acid digestion, and microwave-assisted acid extraction, and their advantages and disadvantages evaluated. Most of the samples had high amounts of  Fe, Na, Ca, Si, Cu, Al, S, and Ti, while there was low amounts of  Pb, Zn, K, Mn, B, Cr, Mg, Mo, Sn, W, Ba, Sb, Co, and Sr. In the different samples, there was an uncommonly high amount of Ag, Ce, Y, Hf, Zr, and Hg. This study gives a whole new analyzation for diamond purity. Written as an informational article.

Martin, H. (2014, August). Characterization of microporous activated carbons using molecular probe method. Elsevier, 74, 22-31.

Over the last decades many approaches have been established to assess porosity of adsorbent materials by analyzing their nitrogen uptake at 77 K with volumetric measuring devices. All approaches make assumptions on pore shape as well as on the interactions between adsorbent and absorptive molecules. Significant differences in pore sizes are observed depending on which models were used. The molecular probe method presented therefore restrains to a minimum of approximations by measuring isotherms of chemically similar substances of increasing molecular size. Differences in pore volume can be reduced in micro-pores below the size of absorptive, leading to a high-resolution pore size distribution below 0.7 nm where only few comparable methods exist. It is shown that differences in pore accessibility of tested absorption are specific for each adsorbent. Using molecular probe molecules hence appears to be a promising method for a complementary porosity analysis of activated carbons.

Crepso, M. (2014, August). Synergistic effect of magnetite nanoparticles and carbon nanofibres in electromagnetic absorbing composites. Elsevier, 74, 63-72.

A simple method for the magnetite CNF(carbon nanofibers) decoration was developed by adsorbing oleic acid capped-magnetite nanoparticles over the CNF surface. A synergism was found between the elements and caused an effect in the electromagnetic shielding of prepared materials. This effect has been analysed by their electrical conductivity in terms of percolation theory and complex permittivity at high frequencies. Electromagnetic shielding mechanisms (reflection, absorption and transmission) were individually studied in the 1–18 GHz range, results show that decoration of CNF with magnetite, significantly increases permittivity and high-frequency AC conductivity and enhances the electromagnetic shielding efficiency up to around 20 dB at high frequencies. It is suggested that interfacial polarization adds an additional mechanism that may be responsible for the observation of electromagnetic shielding enhancement. Written for information.